16.6 Glass cracks
Cracks in the glass of photovoltaic modules are usually caused by external factors such as hail, stone, etc. An example of broken photovoltaic panel glass is shown in Fig. 1. It is also possible to damage the glass layer due to improper behavior of the installer during the photovoltaic installation, e.g. over-tightening of clamps or by walking on the module.
Figure 1: Damaged PV photovoltaic panel glass by stone impact. Photo – author's archive.